To change the transparency of the overlayed image, click on the image. You can click the links in the table below to open my Curvature App with the corresponding hill shown. Note also, that even the bridge towers are the same height as the observer, they apear below eye level, because the earth curves down with increasing distance. But anyway, the Flat Earth Model Prediction looks nowhere near like the image, while the Globe Model Prediction, using Standard Refraction, matches perfectly! This can only be recognized in reality by using an auto level or theodolite. Note that the bridge towers and hills are all far below eye level. All hills in the distance are far taller than 210 m but they appear below the 210 m line or only very slightly above. The middle bridge tower is at sea level and has a height of 210 m. This observation from Miles Davis, like all other observations on this page, confirms without any doubt that the earth is a Globe. The apparent horizon appears farther away and higher due to refraction (looming). The geometric horizon is where the datapoints begin to curve down (lighter brownish color of the points). So the images show definitively the real curvature of the earth. The images show only slight deviations from the geometry due to refraction but the overall appearance is the same. The measured geometry matches the Globe Model of the bridge perfectly as expected, because the Globe Model is based on a sphere with radius 6371 km and the data gathered confirms that the earth is a spheere with radius 6371 km, see Causeway Measuring Radius of the Earth. The geometry of the bridge is curving over the horizon, which means water is curved. Whith GPS/GNSS technology we have a method to measure the real geometry of the Causeway bridge. Now we can recognize, that the measurements and the 3D model match perfectly. So I displaced the measurements to the left and algined them with the base of the huts. It is difficult to see the alignment of the data with the 3D Globe Model of the Causeway at the far end. The same GPS/GNSS data matches the 3D Globe Model of the Causeway with refraction set to zero perfectly (click on the image to zoom in). GPS/GNSS aligned with the corners of the huts → App So I could position the virtual camera of my App at this 3D position and align the image and the data as shown in the images on the right. Jesse also measured the 3D location of the window, from where the image was taken. I imported the data in my Display Geo Data App and superimposed an image from Soundly, taken from the 15th floor of the Mariott Hotel. So they represent the real geometric positions in space. The GPS measurements are not affected by refraction or perspective. The data gathered are 3D cartesian coordines, which represent points in space. Jesse Kozlowski measured both lanes of the Causeway using Differential GPS to 5 cm accuracy. Note: please click the description below the image to open the Curvature App and load the corresponding simulation.Ĭauseway Data and Model Data Causeway GNSS Data match the Globe Model perfectly Source: Screenshot from Soundly's Youtube Channel The image was taken from the 15th floor of the Marriott Hotel at the south side of the lake using a telescope with a zoom factor of about 2000 mm ( 35 mm equivalent). This scene shows the 38 km long Causeway Bridge at Lake Pontchartrain, Lousiana.
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